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Circuit Court
Circuit courts
are the principal trial courts of the state and exercise both original
and appellate jurisdiction. They have appellate jurisdiction in criminal
as well as civil cases in which an appeal is authorized by law from the
judgment or proceedings of the general district court or of the juvenile
and domestic relations district court.
Circuit courts have original jurisdiction over indictments for
felonies and over "presentments, informations and indictments
for misdemeanors." These
courts generally have exclusive original jurisdiction over civil cases
in which the amount of money involved exceeds $7,000. They also exercise
exclusive jurisdiction over all equity matters such as adoptions,
divorces, and land title disputes. Circuit courts have concurrent
jurisdiction with the general district courts in civil cases where the
amount at issue is more than $1,000 but less than $7,000.00 In
addition, circuit courts have jurisdiction over proceedings by quo
warranto or information in the nature of quo warranto. Circuit courts
also are authorized to issue writs of mandamus (compelling the
performance of specific acts), writs of prohibition (ordering the
cessation of certain proceedings), and writs of certiorari (directing
the forwarding of the records of a case for review) to all the general
district courts or to the juvenile and domestic relations district
courts. Further, these courts are empowered to issue writs of mandamus
in all matters or proceedings arising from or pertaining to actions by
boards of supervisors, and in other cases in which it may be necessary
to prevent the failure of justice and in which such a writ may be used
according to the principles of common law. Each Virginia County is located entirely within one of thirty-one judicial circuits, and every county has its own circuit court. Greensville County is located within the Sixth Judicial Circuit Court. The General Assembly sets the boundaries of the circuits and determines the number of judges to be assigned to each, based upon the study and recommendations of the Judicial Council. The judges of each circuit select one of their own number to act as chief judge.
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